This roundtable discussion, led by Anna Schmid editor of ‘Each case is different. Anthropologial Provenance Research at the Museum der Kulturen Basel’ alongside Fred von Bose (Museum der Kulturen Basel) and Zainabu Jallo (Collegium Helveticum, ETH Zurich, University of Basel) discusses the implications of anthropological provenance research. Provenance research involves much more than simply tracing objects back to their origin: it opens up new perspectives on single items as well as entire collections, on their histories, and the multifaceted relations inscribed in them. The Museum der Kulturen Basel is systematically investigating its collections with regard to its coloniality, a task that highlights how complex and challenging the work of anthropological provenance research can be, but also how essential cooperation with people and communities in the Global South is.